2134/11605464.v1 Josh Arnold Josh Arnold Zach Hemsley Zach Hemsley Simon Hodder Simon Hodder George Havenith George Havenith Alex Lloyd Alex Lloyd Reliability and validity of methods in the assessment of cold-induced shivering thermogenesis Loughborough University 2020 Cold Shivering Electromyography Oxygen-Uptake Mechanomygraphy Sport Sciences Human Movement and Sports Sciences 2020-01-15 14:13:19 Journal contribution https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/journal_contribution/Reliability_and_validity_of_methods_in_the_assessment_of_cold-induced_shivering_thermogenesis/11605464 Purpose: To compare two analytical methods for the estimation of the shivering onset inflection point, segmental regression and visual inspection of data, and to assess the test-retest reliability and validity of four metrics of shivering measurement; oxygen uptake (V̇O2), electromyography (EMG), mechanomyography (MMG) and bedside shivering assessment scale (BSAS). Methods: Ten volunteers attended three identical experimental sessions involving passive deep-body cooling via cold water immersion at 10°C. V̇O2, EMG and MMG were continuously assessed, while the time elapsed at each BSAS stage was recorded. Metrics were graphed as a function of time and rectal temperature (Tre). Inflection points for intermittent and constant shivering were visually identified for every graph and compared to segmental regression. Results: Excellent agreement was seen between segmental regression and visual inspection (ICC, 0.92). All measurement metrics presented good to excellent test-retest reliability (ICC’s > 0.75 and 0.90 respectively), with the exception of visual identification of intermittent shivering for V̇O2 measurement (ICC, 0.73) and segmental regression for EMG measurement (ICC, 0.74). In the assessment of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), EMG showed the largest SNR at the point of shivering onset, followed by MMG and finally V̇O2. Conclusions: Segmental regression provides a successful analytical method for identifying shivering onset. Good-excellent reliability can be seen across V̇O2, EMG, MMG and BSAS, yet given the observed lag times, SNR’s, along with known advantages/disadvantaged of each metric, it is recommended that no single metric is used in isolation. An integrative, real-time measure of shivering is proposed.