Quantitative determination of fluoride in pure water using luminescent europium complexes ButlerStephen 2015 Two luminescent probes [Eu.L1–2]+ are reported for the rapid detection of fluoride in water. Probes [Eu.L1–2]+ exhibit exceptional enhancements in Eu emission in the presence of fluoride, permitting its selective determination within the environmentally relevant concentration range (20–210 μM).