2134/3207 Abigail Bristow Abigail Bristow Marcus Enoch Marcus Enoch Lian Zhang Lian Zhang Claire Greensmith Claire Greensmith Norman James Norman James Stephen Potter Stephen Potter Kick starting growth in bus patronage : targeting support at the margins Loughborough University 2008 Bus Subsidy Innovation Kickstart Built Environment and Design not elsewhere classified 2008-02-21 14:56:06 Journal contribution https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/journal_contribution/Kick_starting_growth_in_bus_patronage_targeting_support_at_the_margins/9447581 This paper presents an assessment of the performance of the Kickstart and Bus Route Development Grant schemes in England and Scotland which aimed to move marginal or new bus services towards commercial operation. Three key aspects are addressed: the bidding and implementation process; performance against objectives and the future potential of the approach. The evidence suggests that this form of transformational support appears to offer a better return than subsidy that supports the status quo or indeed patronage based support.