2134/22356
D. Mark Powell
D. Mark
Powell
Annie Ockelford
Annie
Ockelford
Stephen Rice
Stephen
Rice
John Hillier
John
Hillier
Thao Nguyen
Thao
Nguyen
Ian Reid
Ian
Reid
Nicholas J. Tate
Nicholas J.
Tate
David Ackerley
David
Ackerley
Structural properties of mobile armors formed at different flow strengths in gravel-bed rivers
Loughborough University
2016
Bed structure
Mobile armor
Gravel-bed river
Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified
2016-09-06 13:24:14
Journal contribution
https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/journal_contribution/Structural_properties_of_mobile_armors_formed_at_different_flow_strengths_in_gravel-bed_rivers/9481856
Differences in the structure of mobile armors formed at three different flow strengths have been investigated in a laboratory flume. The temporal evolution of the bed surfaces and the properties of the final beds were compared using metrics of surface grain size, microtopography, and bed organization at both grain and mesoscales. Measurements of the bed condition were obtained on nine occasions during each experiment to describe the temporal evolution of the beds. Structured mobile armors formed quickly in each experiment. At the grain scale (1–45 mm; 9 ≤ Ds50 ≤ 17 mm where Ds50 is the median surface particle size), surface complexity decreased and bed roughness increased in response to surface coarsening and the development of the mobile armor. Particles comprising the armor also became flow aligned and developed imbrication. At a larger scale (100–200 mm), the surface developed a mesoscale topography through the development of bed patches with lower and higher elevations. Metrics of mobile armor structure showed remarkable consistency over prolonged periods of near-constant transport, demonstrating for the first time that actively transporting surfaces maintain an equilibrium bed structure. Bed structuring was least developed in the experiments conducted at the lowest flow strength. However, little difference was observed in the structural metrics of the mobile armors generated at higher flows. Although the range of transport rates studied was limited, the results suggest that the structure of mobile armors is insensitive to the formative transport rate except when rates are low (τ* ≈ 0.03 where τ* is the dimensionless shear stress).