Edwards, Huw Implicit trade costs and European Single Market enlargement A major current issue in the economics trade blocs is where the bloc is not just a customs union, but also incorporates substantial regulatory harmonisation or mutual recognition elements. The derivation of the costs of non-membership of such a bloc is not straightforward. In this paper, I build on the assumption that observed trade patterns can be taken to revewl trading costs, and develop a model-consistent Dixit-Stiglitz general equilibrium-based calibration technique as an alternative to gravity methods previously used.... Protection;General equilibrium;European Union;Economics not elsewhere classified 2005-08-01
    https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/preprint/Implicit_trade_costs_and_European_Single_Market_enlargement/9493514