2134/11748
Natalie Spark-du Preez
Natalie Spark-du
Preez
Health-seeking behaviour for childhood illnesses in urban South Africa
Loughborough University
2013
untagged
Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified
2013-02-22 11:46:45
Thesis
https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/thesis/Health-seeking_behaviour_for_childhood_illnesses_in_urban_South_Africa/9609881
In urban South Africa there has been increasing child morbidity and mortality as a result of
HIV/AIDS; a paucity of data on health-seeking behaviour for childhood illnesses; high reported
use of traditional medicine and general patient dissatisfaction with free public health services.
This study therefore aims to investigate the main factors influencing choice of health care
provider for Black children under 6 years of age in Johannesburg and Soweto, using both
qualitative and quantitative methods. In-depth interviews with caregivers (n = 5), providers of
traditional (n = 6) and Western (n=6) health care, as well as 5 focus groups with caregivers,
provide insight into different health care beliefs and practices. An utilisation-based survey was
conducted with 206 Black caregivers of children under 6 years of age from 1 public clinic in
Soweto (n = 50), 2 private clinics (50 caregivers in total) in Johannesburg, 2 public hospitals (53
caregivers in total) from Johannesburg and Soweto and 2 traditional healers (53 caregivers in
total) from Johannesburg and Orange Farm, an informal settlement on the outskirts of
Johannesburg. The facilities where interviews took place in this study were purposively selected. Caregiver beliefs were found to be at the heart of the decision-making process. These beliefs are
shaped by the caregiver's world-view, religion, family (particularly grandmothers of the child and
caregiver), social networks and previous experiences. Beliefs were also found to affect the
caregiver's perceptions of the child and the illness. Findings suggest that the caregiver will be
limited in her decision-making by her age and accumulated knowledge, her socio-economic
status as well as the availability of support and social networks. These in turn affect the degree to
which distance and cost are barriers to health care-seeking. Characteristics of the provider,
experiences in the past, as well as the outcome of the treatment, were all found to interact with
the afore-mentioned factors to shape current patterns of resort, as well as future decisions made.
When a child was unwell, caregivers usually gave home treatments first, particularly for diarrhoea,
vomiting, fever, constipation and crying. Although the use of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines in
this study varied according to the illness being treated, overall the higher socio-economic status
(SES) respondents were more likely to use OTC medicines and less likely than other groups to use
home treatments. Home treatments as well as OTC medicines were not always used
appropriately. Nearly three-quarters of caregivers had given or would give traditional medicine to
their child if the need arose, although this varied by education levels and SES. The most wellknown
African childhood illnesses were inyoni and ibala, which in the South African world-view
Western medicine is not able to treat. In general, private sector care (primary and higher) was
perceived to be better than public sector care because of more thorough examinations, stronger
medicines, enough medicines and generous prescriptions, no queues, friendly staff who listen and
are attentive, the availability of a doctor, high-tech equipment, cleanliness and the food provided.
Although the public hospitals suffer from similar problems to those found at PHC clinics, compared
with the primary health care facilities they were generally thought to be better-stocked with medicines and more accessible in terms of opening hours, performing better physical
examinations, having more doctors and high-tech equipment, and staff were believed to be more
attentive than their PHC counterparts.
Results from this study highlight the need for community and household integrated management of
childhood illnesses {IMCI) which has remained underdeveloped in South Africa. In particular, this
should involve understanding the symptoms that mothers themselves recognise as significant and
incorporating these into health education messages, as well as educating caregivers (mothers,
grandmothers and relatives) about the safe, timely and appropriate use of enemas, home
treatments, over-the-counter medicines and traditional medicines. Furthermore, these results
underline the need to improve patient and provider communication as well as patient care in public
services, the need to include traditional healers in the community component of IMCI, as well as
training Western health care providers about health-seeking behaviour in the context of the local
belief system. In order to improve the future health and well-being of millions of children in South
Africa, understanding the determinants of health-seeking behaviour is essential for ensuring that
effective strategies are put in place and that changes are implemented where they are needed
most.