2134/25226 Oonagh Markey Oonagh Markey Dafni Vasilopoulou Dafni Vasilopoulou Kirsty E. Kliem Kirsty E. Kliem Albert Koulman Albert Koulman Colette C. Fagan Colette C. Fagan Keith Summerhill Keith Summerhill Laura Y. Wang Laura Y. Wang Alistair S. Grandison Alistair S. Grandison David J. Humphries David J. Humphries Susan Todd Susan Todd Kim G. Jackson Kim G. Jackson David Ian Givens David Ian Givens Julie A. Lovegrove Julie A. Lovegrove Plasma phospholipid fatty acid profile confirms compliance to a novel saturated fat-reduced, monounsaturated fat-enriched dairy product intervention in adults at moderate cardiovascular risk: a randomized controlled trial Loughborough University 2017 Cardiovascular disease Dairy products Dietary fat composition Food-exchange model Fatty acids Monounsaturated fatty acids Nutrition assessment Phospholipids Saturated fatty acids Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified 2017-06-02 09:48:31 Journal contribution https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/journal_contribution/Plasma_phospholipid_fatty_acid_profile_confirms_compliance_to_a_novel_saturated_fat-reduced_monounsaturated_fat-enriched_dairy_product_intervention_in_adults_at_moderate_cardiovascular_risk_a_randomized_controlled_trial/9619814 Background: Dairy products are a major contributor to dietary SFA. Partial replacement of milk SFA with unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) is possible through oleic-acid rich supplementation of the dairy cow diet. To assess adherence to the intervention of SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched dairy product consumption in the RESET (REplacement of SaturatEd fat in dairy on Total cholesterol) study using 4-d weighed dietary records, in addition to plasma phospholipid FA (PL-FA) status. Methods: In a randomised, controlled, crossover design, free-living UK participants identified as moderate risk for CVD (n = 54) were required to replace habitually consumed dairy foods (milk, cheese and butter), with study products with a FA profile typical of retail products (control) or SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched profile (modified), for two 12-week periods, separated by an 8-week washout period. A flexible food-exchange model was used to implement each isoenergetic high-fat, high-dairy diet (38% of total energy intake (%TE) total fat): control (dietary target: 19%TE SFA; 11%TE MUFA) and modified (16%TE SFA; 14%TE MUFA). Results: Following the modified diet, there was a smaller increase in SFA (17.2%TE vs. 19.1%TE; p < 0.001) and greater increase in MUFA intake (15.4%TE vs. 11.8%TE; p < 0.0001) when compared with the control. PL-FA analysis revealed lower total SFAs (p = 0.006), higher total cis-MUFAs and trans-MUFAs (both p < 0.0001) following the modified diet. Conclusion: The food-exchange model was successfully used to achieve RESET dietary targets by partial replacement of SFAs with MUFAs in dairy products, a finding reflected in the PL-FA profile and indicative of objective dietary compliance.