Loughborough University
Browse
A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Model of the Start-up Kinetics of the Andersen Cascade Impactor (ACI).pdf (474.98 kB)

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the start-up kinetics of the Andersen Cascade Impactor (ACI)

Download (474.98 kB)
journal contribution
posted on 2017-08-16, 13:51 authored by Hendrik Versteeg, Peng Zhao, C.G. Blatchford, M. Copley, D.L. Roberts, J.P. Mitchell
Background: The dynamics of flow through the Andersen Cascade Impactor (ACI) at start-up for the performance evaluation of dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are poorly understood. Recent studies by the European Pharmaceutical Aerosols Group (EPAG) investigated the effects of reducing the sample volume on the aerodynamic particle size distributions (APSD) of aerosols generated by DPIs. When the inhaled air volume was significantly reduced below the internal volume of a Next Generation Impactor (NGI), size fractionation was incomplete, as expected, and the instrument under-reported the fine particle dose. Surprisingly, the same effect was much less severe with the ACI. The present study investigated, from a theoretical perspective, the likelihood that non-uniform particle transport is taking place in this impactor. Materials & Methods: We report the results of a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) investigation of the transient flow through a model of the ACI to confirm the existence of flow path channelling that could explain the mass-per-stage data observed previously. Results: The CFD results confirmed that a negative pressure wave propagates back from the vacuum source at the ACI exit through the CI. Air flow from the inhaler into the ACI is initiated when the suction wave reaches the induction port. Conclusions: The predicted start-up kinetics compare favourably with measurements of the air flow as a function of time. Complex regimes exist in the upper stages of this CI, involving jets that provide short-circuits, and which are therefore believed to be responsible for the experimentally observed more rapid particle transport through the ACI.

History

School

  • Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering

Published in

JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE AND PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY

Volume

29

Issue

3

Pages

A21 - A22

Citation

VERSTEEG, H.K. ... et al., 2016. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the start-up kinetics of the Andersen Cascade Impactor (ACI). Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery. June 2016, 29(3): A-1-A-27. https://doi.org/10.1089/jamp.2016.ab01.abstracts

Publisher

© Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

Version

  • AM (Accepted Manuscript)

Publisher statement

This work is made available according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence. Full details of this licence are available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Publication date

2016-06-01

Notes

This is an extended abstract for The Aerosol Society Drug Delivery to the Lungs 26 Edinburgh International Conference Centre, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, December 9–11, 2015. Final publication is available from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jamp.2016.ab01.abstracts

ISSN

1941-2711

Language

  • en

Usage metrics

    Loughborough Publications

    Exports

    RefWorks
    BibTeX
    Ref. manager
    Endnote
    DataCite
    NLM
    DC