JBIM scale development paper FINAL 30.3.19.pdf (651.21 kB)
Developing and validating a multi-dimensional measure of coopetition
journal contribution
posted on 2019-04-08, 10:50 authored by Jim Crick, David CrickPurpose – Coopetition, namely, the interplay between cooperation and competition
has received a good deal of interest in the business-to-business marketing literature.
Academics have operationalised the coopetition construct and have employed these
measures to test the antecedents and consequences of firms collaborating with their
competitors. However, business-to-business marketing scholars have not developed
and validated an agreed operationalisation that reflects the dimensionality of the
coopetition construct. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop and validate a multidimensional measure of coopetition for marketing scholars to use in future research.
Design/methodology/approach – To utilise a highly-cooperative and highlycompetitive empirical context, sporting organisations in New Zealand were sampled,
as the key informants within these entities engaged in different forms of coopetition.
Checks were made to ensure that the sampled entities produced generalisable results.
That is, it is anticipated that the results apply to other industries with firms engaging in
similar business-to-business behaviours. Various sources of qualitative and
quantitative data were acquired to develop and validate a multi-dimensional measure
of coopetition (the COOP scale), which passed all major assessments of reliability and
validity (including common method variance).
Findings – The results indicated that coopetition is a multi-dimensional construct,
comprised of three distinct dimensions. First, local-level coopetition is collaboration
among competing entities within a close geographic proximity. Second, national-level
coopetition is cooperation with rivals within the same country, but across different
geographic regions. Third, organisation-level coopetition is cooperation with
competitors across different firms (including with indirect rivals), regardless of their
geographic location and product-markets served. Indeed, organisation-level
coopetition extends to how companies engage in coopetition in domestic and
international capacities, depending on the extent to which they compete in similar
product-markets in comparison to industry rivals. Also, multiple indicators were used
to measure each facet of the coopetition construct after the scale purification stage.
Originality/value – Prior coopetition-based investigations have predominately been
conceptual or qualitative in nature. The scarce number of existing scales have
significant problems, such as not appreciating that coopetition is a multi-dimensional
variable, as well as using single-indicators. Despite a recent call for research on the
multiple-levels of coopetition, there has not been an agreed measure of the construct
that accounts for its multi-dimensionality. Hence, this investigation responds to such a
call for research through developing and validating the COOP scale. Local-level
coopetition, national-level coopetition, and organisation-level coopetition are
anticipated to be the main facets of the coopetition construct, which offer several
avenues for future research.
History
School
- Business and Economics
Department
- Business
Published in
Journal of Business and Industrial MarketingVolume
34Issue
4Pages
665-689Citation
CRICK, J.M. and CRICK, D., 2019. Developing and validating a multi-dimensional measure of coopetition. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 34 (4), pp.665-689.Publisher
© EmeraldVersion
- AM (Accepted Manuscript)
Publisher statement
This work is made available according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence. Full details of this licence are available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Acceptance date
2019-03-29Publication date
2019-06-07Notes
This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing and the definitive published version is available at https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-07-2018-0217.ISSN
0885-8624Publisher version
Language
- en