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In a heart beat: Using driver’s physiological changes to determine the quality of a takeover in highly automated vehicles

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journal contribution
posted on 2019-06-21, 10:39 authored by Mohamed Alrefaie, Steve Summerskill, Thomas Jackson
Developing conditionally automated driving systems is on the rise. Vehicles with full longitudinal and latitudinal control will allow drivers to engage in secondary tasks without monitoring the roadway, but users may be required to resume vehicle control to handle critical hazards. The loss of driver’s situational awareness increases the potential for accidents. Thus, the automated systems need to estimate the driver’s ability to resume control of the driving task. The aim of this study was to assess the physiological behaviour (heart rate and pupil diameter) of drivers. The assessment was performed during two naturalistic secondary tasks. The tasks were the email and the twenty questions task in addition to a control group that did not perform any tasks. The study aimed at finding possible correlations between the driver’s physiological data and their responses to a takeover request. A driving simulator study was used to collect data from a total of 33 participants in a repeated measures design to examine the physiological changes during driving and to measure their takeover quality and response time. Secondary tasks induced changes on physiological measures and a small influence on response time. However, there was a strong observed correlation between the physiological measures and response time. Takeover quality in this study was assessed using two new performance measures called PerSpeed and PerAngle. They are identified as the mean percentage change of vehicle’s speed and heading angle starting from a take-over request time. Using linear mixed models, there was a strong interaction between task, heart rate and pupil diameter and PerSpeed, PerAngle and response time. This, in turn, provided a measurable understanding of a driver’s future responses to the automated system based on the driver’s physiological changes to allow better decision making. The present findings of this study emphasised the possibility of building a driver mental state model and prediction system to determine the quality of the driver's responses in a highly automated vehicle. Such results will reduce accidents and enhance the driver’s experience in highly automated vehicles.

Funding

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council through a grant from the Embedded Intelligence Centre of Doctoral Training.

History

School

  • Business and Economics

Department

  • Business

Published in

Accident Analysis and Prevention

Volume

131

Pages

180-190

Citation

ALREFAIE, M., SUMMERSKILL, S. and JACKSON, T., 2019. In a heart beat: Using driver’s physiological changes to determine the quality of a takeover in highly automated vehicles. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 131, pp.180-190.

Publisher

© Elsevier

Version

  • AM (Accepted Manuscript)

Publisher statement

This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Accident Analysis and Prevention and the definitive published version is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2019.06.011.

Acceptance date

2019-06-13

Publication date

2019-07-11

Copyright date

2019

ISSN

0001-4575

Language

  • en