Optimal vitamin D status for athletes.pdf (2.37 MB)
Is there an optimal vitamin D status for immunity in athletes and military personnel?
journal contribution
posted on 2017-01-04, 12:05 authored by Cheng-Shiun He, Xin H. Aw Yong, Neil P. Walsh, Michael GleesonVitamin D is mainly obtained through sunlight ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure of the skin, with a small amount typically coming from the diet. It is now clear that Vitamin D has important roles beyond its well-known effects on calcium and bone homeostasis. Immune cells express the Vitamin D receptor, including antigen presenting cells, T cells and B cells, and these cells are all capable of synthesizing the biologically active Vitamin D metabolite, 1, 25 dihydroxy Vitamin D. There has been growing interest in the benefits of supplementing Vitamin D as studies report Vitamin D insufficiency (circulating 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) in more than half of all athletes and military personnel tested during the winter, when skin sunlight UVB is negligible. The overwhelming evidence supports avoiding Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L) to maintain immunity and prevent upper respiratory illness (URI) in athletes and military personnel. Recent evidence supports an optimal circulating 25(OH)D of 75 nmol/L to prevent URI and enhance innate immunity and mucosal immunity and bring about anti-inflammatory actions through the induction of regulatory T cells and the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. We provide practical recommendations for how Vitamin D sufficiency can be achieved in most individuals by safe sunlight exposure in the summer and daily 1, 000 IU Vitamin D3 supplementation in the winter. Studies are required in athletes and military personnel to determine the impact of these recommendations on immunity and URI; and, to demonstrate the purported benefit of achieving 25(OH)D > 75 nmol/L.
History
School
- Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences
Published in
Exercise Immunology ReviewVolume
22Pages
41 - 62Citation
HE, C.-S. ... et al, 2016. Is there an optimal vitamin D status for immunity in athletes and military personnel? Exercise Immunology Review, 22, pp. 42-64.Publisher
© International Society of Exercise and ImmunologyVersion
- VoR (Version of Record)
Publisher statement
This work is made available according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence. Full details of this licence are available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Publication date
2016Notes
This article was published in the journal Exercise Immunology Review and is available here with the kind permission of the publisher.ISSN
1077-5552Publisher version
Language
- en