Normative relationships of public–client participation versus asset delivery performance for Public Private Partnership+ infrastructure provision in Kuwait

This research explores the association between various levels of Public-Client Participation (PCP) and the efficiency of Asset Delivery Performance (ADP) in terms of impact on the success of PPP+ infrastructure delivery performance in Kuwait by means of the utilisation of public client guidance. The risk and equity levels of PCP were found to be the dominant factors that have an influence on delivery performance, although the cost and time taken for ADP was an early indicator of the overall performance of the PPP+. The investigation into the provision of the PPP+ infrastructure encompassed various implementations of the integrated schemes, including PPP, BOT, BOOT, and DB. The literature review identified that there had, to date, only been limited research focusing solely on PCP and success with PPP+. An investigation was made into how the public-client relationship could be more effectively involved in decision-making in the early stages of PPP+. The current inefficient performance delivery of PPP+ schemes in Kuwait indicated the need to explore the ways in which the efficiency of asset delivery was affected by the various levels of PCP which were incorporated into public-client guidance. As both cost and time were found to have a significant impact on ADP, providing an early indication of the eventual overall performance delivery, a quantitative method was therefore applied to establish the relationship between these two determinants. A total of 415 data points was collected from public and private sector participants in Kuwait. The results showed a significant correlation between the risk and equity of PCP and the cost and time of ADP in PPP projects. This offered a structural basis for a model framework and the resulting logistic regression framework was designed as ΔC and ΔT 3D models to represent the complexity of the interrelated variables. In addition, ΔC and ΔT 2D models were extracted from this original model to produce a more targeted public-client guidance in PPP. The illustration of such practical solutions, in terms of public-client guidance, could benefit key decision makers, enhance and encourage the participation of the private sector and the implementation of PPP scheme in Kuwait.