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Short-term, high-fat overfeeding impairs glycaemic control but does not alter gut hormone responses to a mixed meal tolerance test in healthy, normal-weight individuals

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journal contribution
posted on 2017-03-06, 14:08 authored by Sion A. Parry, Jennifer R. Smith, Talitha R.B. Corbett, Rachel Woods, Carl Hulston
Obesity is undoubtedly caused by a chronic positive energy balance. However, the early metabolic and hormonal responses to overeating are poorly described. This study determined glycaemic control and selected gut hormone responses to nutrient intake before and after seven days of high-fat overfeeding. Nine healthy individuals (5 males, 4 females) performed a mixed meal tolerance test (MTT) before and after consuming a high-fat (65%) high-energy (+50%) diet for seven days. Measurements of plasma glucose, NEFA, acylated ghrelin, GLP-1, GIP and serum insulin were taken before (fasting) and at 30 minutes intervals throughout the 180 min MTT (postprandial). Body mass increased by 0.79 ± 0.14 kg after high-fat overfeeding (p < 0.0001), and BMI increased by 0.27 ± 0.05 kg/m2 (p = 0.002). High-fat overfeeding also resulted in an 11.6% increase in postprandial glucose AUC (p = 0.007) and a 25.9% increase in postprandial insulin AUC (p = 0.005). Acylated ghrelin, GLP-1 and GIP responses to the MTT were all unaffected by the high-fat, high-energy diet. These findings demonstrate that even brief periods of overeating are sufficient to disrupt glycaemic control. However, as the postprandial orexigenic (ghrelin) and anorexigenic/insulintropic (GLP-1 and GIP) hormone responses were unaffected by the diet intervention, it appears that these hormones are resistant to short-term changes in energy balance, and that they do not play a role in the rapid reduction in glycaemic control.

History

School

  • Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences

Published in

British Journal of Nutrition

Volume

117

Issue

01

Pages

48 - 55

Citation

PARRY, S.A. ...et al., 2017. Short-term, high-fat overfeeding impairs glycaemic control but does not alter gut hormone responses to a mixed meal tolerance test in healthy, normal-weight individuals. British Journal of Nutrition, 117(01), pp. 48-55.

Publisher

© The Authors. Published by Cambridge University Press.

Version

  • AM (Accepted Manuscript)

Acceptance date

2016-12-06

Publication date

2017

Notes

This article has been published in a revised form in the British Journal of Nutrition http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516004475. This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for re-distribution, re-sale or use in derivative works. © The Authors.

ISSN

0007-1145

eISSN

1475-2662

Language

  • en

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