Adaptive wall-modelled large eddy simulation of jet noise in isolated and installed configurations

The study of jet acoustics is crucial for future aeroengine designs. Although the highbypass ratio of modern turbofans can have a shielding effect on the core jet noise, there is an increased potential of interaction of the jet flow with wing and flap, and its effects on noise need to be thoroughly investigated. Wall-Modelled Large-Eddy Simulation (WMLES) is a powerful method to study the installation effects on jet noise, as it does not have strict near-wall requirements, allowing for a more uniform mesh for better noise propagation and a saving in computational cost. An adaptive wall model is here introduced and validated on channel flow, on the MD-30P/30N high-lift multi-element airfoil, and on the NASA High-Lift Common Research Model (HL-CRM). WMLES simulations, combined with the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) sound extrapolation method, are performed on turbulent coaxial jets in isolated and installed configurations. Computed flow field and sound spectra present favourable agreement with experimental results, confirming key features of the installation effects on jet noise.