Benevolent family leadership: When does it matter for non-family employees’ turnover intentions

How does family benevolent leadership reduce non-family employees’ turnover intentions? Prior studies have largely considered the role of leadership in influencing family firm performance. However, little consideration has been given to how leadership styles of the family influence non-family employees’ pro-organizational attitudes. This study considers the mediating role of non-family employees’ psychological ownership in the relationship between their perceptions of benevolent family leadership and their turnover intentions. The study also explores whether non-family employees’ relational closeness with the owning family moderates the mediating relationship. We extend and contribute to factors that influence non-family employees’ decisions to remain in family enterprises.