Driving simulator motion cueing algorithms – a survey of the state of the art

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art motion cueing algorithms for motion-based driving simulators. The motion cueing problem is presented, together with the main published algorithms – classical washout filtering, adaptive filtering, linear optimal control, and model predictive control (MPC). Implementation details for each of the algorithms are given and their response to various manoeuvres plotted. The algorithms all have a high-pass response apart from the MPC algorithm, which reproduces vehicle motion for as long as possible before returning to centre. The cost function-based algorithms require more parameters to be tuned, but the parameters have more relevance to the simulator operator and are thus easier to tune. Finally, proposals for an algorithm evaluation study with human test drivers are given, the results of which will be used in future work to develop a new driving simulator cueing algorithm.