Hospital waste in Hanoi

Hanoi's 36 national hospitals and specialized clinics are the largest hospitals and which have the best equipment in the country. Seriously ill patients from all provinces in the North are transferred to those hospitals for treatment. Nearly all beds are occupied. In most of those hospitals, costs are shared by the government and patients. The government supply facilities and the base salaries fore medical staff. Due to insufficient budgets, the physical infrastructure of most of hospitals is poor and backward according to international standards. Under those conditions, the waste collection and processing of clinical and non-clinical hospital also lacks of both physical infrastructure and knowledge fore management hazardous waste. This paper will review and compare the classification, processing, reuse, and recycling of waste in 24 of 36 Hanoi hospitals and specialized clinics, and also about the plan, and the role of private waste collectors and recyclers.