Impact of whey protein-enriched milk fat globule membrane supplementation on fasting circulating lipid and glucose parameters in middle-to-older aged adults at moderate cardiovascular disease risk: preliminary insights from a randomised controlled trial

<p dir="ltr">Functional dairy-derived ingredients, including whey protein (WP) and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), have the potential to improve markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and broader cardiometabolic disease risk(<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society/article/impact-of-whey-proteinenriched-milk-fat-globule-membrane-supplementation-on-fasting-circulating-lipid-and-glucose-parameters-in-middletoolder-aged-adults-at-moderate-cardiovascular-disease-risk-preliminary-insights-from-a-randomised-controlled-trial/8E390BBE92BA51183A0197EE65054722#ref1" target="_blank">1</a>,<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society/article/impact-of-whey-proteinenriched-milk-fat-globule-membrane-supplementation-on-fasting-circulating-lipid-and-glucose-parameters-in-middletoolder-aged-adults-at-moderate-cardiovascular-disease-risk-preliminary-insights-from-a-randomised-controlled-trial/8E390BBE92BA51183A0197EE65054722#ref2" target="_blank">2</a>). WP supplementation has been shown to regulate fasting lipid profiles(<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society/article/impact-of-whey-proteinenriched-milk-fat-globule-membrane-supplementation-on-fasting-circulating-lipid-and-glucose-parameters-in-middletoolder-aged-adults-at-moderate-cardiovascular-disease-risk-preliminary-insights-from-a-randomised-controlled-trial/8E390BBE92BA51183A0197EE65054722#ref2" target="_blank">2</a>). Similarly, growing evidence suggests that MFGM, or its bioactive milk polar lipids (MPLs), may contribute to lipid regulation(<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society/article/impact-of-whey-proteinenriched-milk-fat-globule-membrane-supplementation-on-fasting-circulating-lipid-and-glucose-parameters-in-middletoolder-aged-adults-at-moderate-cardiovascular-disease-risk-preliminary-insights-from-a-randomised-controlled-trial/8E390BBE92BA51183A0197EE65054722#ref1" target="_blank">1</a>). However, the potential synergistic effects of WP and MFGM on fasting blood lipid profiles remain unclear, particularly in ‘at risk’ populations. Hence, we assessed the impact of short-term WP-enriched MFGM supplementation on fasting circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (primary outcome) and several secondary outcomes [serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triacylglycerol (TAG), glucose, and BMI] in middle-to-older aged adults living with overweight and at moderate risk for CVD.</p>