Multi-level influences on women’s careers under China’s family planning policy: A literature review

<p dir="ltr">Research has explored women’s career advancement in China but has hardly explored the factors affecting women’s careers in the context of China’s family planning policy. This paper offers an overview of identified factors constraining and hindering women’s careers at macro-, meso-, and micro levels against the background of China’s family planning policy, to provide a deeper understanding of women’s careers in China. This paper appeals for more consideration of the potential links between different levels of analysis, potential new factors, how to overcome the hurdles for women’s careers, gender ideologies in China, and most importantly, the contextual influence of family planning policy on women’s careers.</p>