On-site water treatment

Water supply programmes in many developing countries have evolved gradually. A wider variety of onsite system designs are available for treatment of surface water. The type of treatment systems built often reflect the experience and preference of the designer. The various criteria for selection are public health considerations, cost, ease of operating and maintaining the treatment system. This introduces the necessity to initiate and follow up organised studies on novel water treatment techniques at a level that could be considered well within the scope of technical and equipment resources of the developing countries. In this paper authors present experi­mental details of upflow clariflocculation unit with cost consideration.