Protection and energy management of zero net electric energy clusters of buildings

This paper proposes the protection and energy management schemes for a smart dc micro-grid capable of 100% autonomous zero net energy in the cluster of buildings to facilitate a low-carbon sustainable electricity supply system. The proposed model comprises of house clusters with an autonomous communication developed for the residential area. Voltage droops and slope compensation peak current mode control techniques are employed for the bidirectional synchronous boost converter stages for energy storage systems (ESSs). The zone relaying device pertaining to dc protection is incorporated under set of rules related to current differential and overt current relaying schemes. The bidirectional converter stage for house clusters plays a pivotal role in stand-alone operation. In case a battery pack is laid off from any house cluster, the dc bus voltage still be stabilized due to the proximity bidirectional converter stages of other house clusters or community battery bank. The houses in the cluster comprise of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), solar photovoltaic (PV), battery bank and variable load. The proposed model is simulated on MATLAB/ Simulink environment and suffices the real time stochastic nature of wind, solar and load.