Sustainable operation and maintenance of small towns water supply systems in Ghana

The Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of small towns water supply systems have been neglected in the past in a great number of developing countries. It is estimated that 30 to 60 percent of existing water supply systems are not operational, which has a high impact on the well-being of concerned populations (WHO, 2000). There is the tendency in developing countries to redefine the roles and responsibilities of the various actors involved in operation and maintenance. Indeed governments, because of heavy financial burdens and efficiency problems, are gradually changing their role of “provider of services” to that of “facilitator of processes”. Communities, therefore, have increasing responsibilities, not only in the operation and maintenance of their water supply systems, but also in the financial management of these systems. Some experiences and best practices that have been learnt in this case study are shared and recommendations made to enhance sustainable operation and maintenance.