Wastewater management in developing countries: Bolivia case studies

Wastewater management in developing countries still is a challenge, especially in small towns. The aim of this study is to understand technical and social factors related to management. Thus, the context surrounding the performance of six treatment plants in rural areas of Cochabamba, Bolivia were investigated: three small treatment plants (2000-10000 p.e.; flow>5L/s) and three very small treatment plants (<2000 p.e.; flow<5L/s). Performance of the plants was measured based on the removal of TSS, BOD5 and Fecal Coliforms. Management data was collected through semi-structured interviews with water association managers and users. Results found that inappropriate design and type of technology, lack of operational expertise and lack of financial resources were the main factors related to low performance. Moreover, lack of financial resources is linked to the awareness of users on the importance of having the service and willingness to pay for their adequate functioning.