Supplementary Information files for A gifted SNARC? Directional spatial-numerical associations in gifted children with high-level math skills do not differ from controls

Supplementary Information files for A gifted SNARC? Directional spatial-numerical associations in gifted children with high-level math skills do not differ from controls
The SNARC (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes) efect (i.e., a tendency to associate small/large magnitude numbers with the left/right hand side) is prevalent across the whole lifespan. Because the ability to relate numbers to space has been viewed as a cornerstone in the development of mathematical skills, the relationship between the SNARC efect and math skills has been frequently examined. The results remain largely inconsistent. Studies testing groups of people with very low or very high skill levels in math sometimes found relationships between SNARC and math skills. So far, however, studies testing such extreme math skills level groups were mostly investigating the SNARC efect in individuals revealing math difculties. Groups with above average math skills remain understudied, especially in regard to children. Here, we investigate the SNARC efect in gifted children, as compared to normally developing children (overall n=165). Frequentist and Bayesian analysis suggested that the groups did not difer from each other in the SNARC efect. These results are the frst to provide evidence for the SNARC efect in a relatively large sample of gifted (and mathematically highly skilled) children. In sum, our study provides another piece of evidence for no direct link between the SNARC efect and mathematical ability in childhood.