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A thermal foot manikin as a tool for footwear evaluation and development
journal contribution
posted on 2023-03-22, 09:19 authored by Anna West, F Oberst, James Tarrier, C Heyde, Heiko Schlarb, GP Brueggeman, Simon HodderSimon Hodder, George HavenithGeorge HavenithThis study investigated the relationship between thermal perceptions during human
wear trials and thermal foot manikin measurements of heat and vapour resistance for
five running shoes varying in material and construction.
Measurements of thermal/evaporative resistance were performed using a 12-zone
sweating thermal-foot manikin. Eleven males performed running trials on five
occasions, wearing shoes of same design, differing in materials and construction, to
achieve a range of heat/vapour resistances and air permeabilities. Trials in
20°C/60%RH consisted of three phases: 15min rest, 40min running, 15min recovery.
In-shoe temperature/humidity were measured at two sites on the left foot. Thermal
sensation/wetness perception/thermal comfort were provided for the left foot and four
foot regions.
Variations in shoe material and construction resulted in differences in thermal and
evaporative resistance. These differences were reflected in in-shoe temperature and inshoe absolute humidity assessed during wear trials. At the end of the rest period,
thermal sensation was strongly related to thermal insulation (r
2
=0.69, p<0.001).
During exercise however, thermal sensation, wetness perception and thermal
discomfort were related to both thermal insulation and evaporative resistance.
Thermal foot manikins provide a sensitive, effective evaluation of footwear thermal
properties, which are also reflective of changes to in-shoe parameters during actual
use. This discriminate power may be enhanced using higher, more realistic air-speeds
during testing, as well as simulating foot movement. While thermal foot manikins are
highly sensitive to design features/attributes of footwear (e.g. ventilation openings, airpermeabilities and coatings), subjective evaluations of footwear do not seem to have
the same sensitivity and discriminative power.
History
School
- Design and Creative Arts
Department
- Design
Published in
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and TechnologyVolume
237Issue
1Pages
34 - 46Publisher
SAGE PublicationsVersion
- VoR (Version of Record)
Rights holder
© IMechEPublisher statement
This is an Open Access Article. It is published by SAGE under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY 4.0). Full details of this licence are available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Acceptance date
2020-07-29Publication date
2020-08-31Copyright date
2020ISSN
1754-3371eISSN
1754-338XPublisher version
Language
- en
Depositor
Prof George Havenith . Deposit date: 18 August 2020Usage metrics
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