Catalysis interfaced multifunctional membranes for sustainable treatment of water and wastewater

The low-level existence of emerging contaminants (ECs) has caused tremendous alarm due to their persistence, chronic toxicity, and endocrine-disrupting impacts on both terrestrial and marine animals. To deal with this issue sophisticated water and wastewater treatment technology are needed. Membrane-based water treatment technologies are rapidly replacing traditional water and wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency, and low price, and can remediate microbial and chemical pollutants from a variety of aquatic sources. state-of-the-art literature on the catalysis of multifunctional membranes has been summarized and critically reviewed. The review emphasizes the significance of improved membrane technology in sustainable water and wastewater treatment applications. It highlights the membrane separation and purification processes, recent membrane technologies, membrane modules and configurations, challenges, and practical difficulties of membrane technology in water and wastewater treatment applications. The major problems associated with membrane fouling in water treatment are discussed and possible solutions through advanced and multifunctional membranes such as catalyst-interfaced membranes, ceramic membranes, carbonaceous membranes, etc. are presented in detail. Also, this review highlights the comparison of different catalytic membranes. To achieve high and potential water flux, improved membrane matrixes and suitable membrane configurations are suggested based on simulation models and configuration techniques.