Changes in motor unit behaviour across repeated bouts of eccentric exercise

Unaccustomed eccentric exercise (EE) is protective against muscle damage following a subsequent bout of similar exercise. One hypothesis suggests an alteration in motor unit (MU) behaviour during the second bout exists, which might contribute to the adaptive response. Accordingly, the present study investigated MU changes during repeated bouts of EE. Following two bouts of maximal lengthening dorsiflexion (10 repetitions × 10 sets) performed three weeks apart, maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVIC) and MU behaviour (quantified using high-density electromyography [HDsEMG]) were measured at baseline, during (after set 5), and post-EE. The HDsEMG signals were decomposed into individual MU discharge timings, and a subset were tracked across each time point. MVIC was reduced similarly in both bouts post-EE (Δ27 vs. 23%, P = 0.144), with a comparable amount of total work performed (~1,300 J; P = 0.905). In total, 1,754 MUs were identified and the decline in MVIC was accompanied by a stepwise increase in discharge rate (~13%; P < 0.001). A decrease in relative recruitment was found immediately after EE in bout 1 vs. baseline (~16%; P < 0.01), along with reductions in derecruitment thresholds immediately after EE in bout 2. The coefficient of variation of inter-spike intervals was lower in bout 2 (~15%; P < 0.001). Our data provide new information regarding a change in MU behaviour during the performance of a repeated bout of EE. Importantly, such changes in MU behaviour might contribute, at least in part, to the repeated bout phenomenon.