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Childhood obesity prevention trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis on trial design and the impact of type 1 error

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posted on 2024-05-15, 09:44 authored by L Padgett, J Stevens, C Summerbell, W Burton, Elizabeth StampElizabeth Stamp, L McLarty, H Schofield, M Bryant

Effect sizes from previously reported trials are often used to determine the meaningful change in weight in childhood obesity prevention interventions because information on clinically meaningful differences is lacking. Estimates from previous trials may be influenced by statistical significance; therefore, it is important that they have a low risk of type 1 error. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to report on the design of child obesity prevention randomized controlled trials and effectiveness according to risk of type 1 error. Eighty-four randomized controlled trials were identified. A large range of assumptions were applied in the sample size calculations. The most common primary outcome was BMI, with detectable effect size differences used in sample size calculations ranging from 0.25 kg/m2 (followed up at 2 years) to 1.1 kg/m2 (at 9 months) and BMI z-score ranging from 0.1 (at 4 years) to 0.67 (at 3 years). There was no consistent relationship between low risk of type 1 error and reports of higher or lower effectiveness. Further clarity of the size of a meaningful difference in weight in childhood obesity prevention trials is required to support evaluation design and decision-making for intervention and policy. Type 1 error risk does not appear to impact effect sizes in a consistent direction.

History

School

  • Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences

Published in

Obesity Reviews

Volume

25

Issue

6

Publisher

Wiley

Version

  • VoR (Version of Record)

Rights holder

© The Authors

Publisher statement

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium,provided the original work is properly cited.

Acceptance date

2024-02-12

Publication date

2024-03-26

Copyright date

2024

ISSN

1467-7881

eISSN

1467-789X

Language

  • en

Depositor

Dr Elizabeth Stamp. Deposit date: 8 May 2024

Article number

e13736

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