Chitosan-coated poly(Lactic acid) nanofibres loaded with essential oils for wound healing

Chronic skin wounds are characterised by a non-healing process that makes necessary the application of wound dressings on the damaged area to promote and facilitate the recovery of skin’s physiological integrity. The aim of the present work is to develop a bioactive dressing that, once applied on the injured tissue, would exert antibacterial activity and promote adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts. Nanofibres consisting of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and essential oils (EOs) were electrospun and coated with a medium molecular weight chitosan (CS). Black pepper essential oil (BP-EO) or limonene (L), well-known for their antibacterial properties, were added to the PLA/acetone solution before electrospinning; phase separation phenomena occurred due to the poor solubility of the EOs in the PLA solution and led to fibres having surface nano-pores. The porous electrospun fibres were coated with CS to produce hydrophilic membranes that were easy to handle, biocompatible, and suited to promote cellular proliferation. The fibrous scaffolds were tested in terms of mechanical resistance, wettability, antibacterial activity, in-vitro cytotoxicity, and ability to promote fibroblasts’ adhesion and proliferation. The results obtained proved that the CS coating improved the hydrophilicity of the fibrous mats, enhanced EO’s antibacterial potential, and promoted cell adhesion and proliferation.