Copolymerisation as a way to enhance the electrochromic properties of an alkylthiophene oligomer and a pyrrole derivative: copolymer of 3,3'" dihexyl-2,2':5',2":5",2'"-quaterthiophene with (R)-(-)-3-(1-pyrrolyl)propyl-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-α-phenylglycinate
posted on 2015-02-27, 15:53authored byAna Julia C. Silva, Viviane C. Nogueira, Thebano E.A. Santos, Craig J.T. Buck, David Worrall, Josealdo Tonholo, Roger J. Mortimer, Adriana S. Ribeiro
The copolymerisation of 3,3'" Dihexyl-2,2':5',2":5",2'"-quaterthiophene (DHQT) and (R)-(-)-3-(1-pyrrolyl)propyl-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-α-phenylglycinate (DNBP) was successfully performed electrochemically in acetonitrile (CH3CN) containing tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate ((C4H9)4NBF4) by direct oxidation of monomer mixtures in different feed ratios. Copolymerisation improved the properties of the films of both polymers PDHQT and PDNBP, in respect to the adhesion of PDHQT onto ITO/glass surface and the chromatic contrast of these electrochromic materials. PDHQT, PDNBP and P(DHQT-co-DNBP) films were characterised by FTIR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and spectroelectrochemical techniques. Solutions of PDHQT and its copolymers with DNBP (independently of the feed ratio) in N-methylpyrrolidone are fluorescent with emission bands at 555 and 585 nm when excited at 375 nm. Reversible changes in the hue and saturation occur in all the copolymer films from yellow or orange in the reduced state to green or blue in the oxidised state, but were dependent on the proportion of the comonomers used to prepare the copolymers. These changes are more significant for P(DHQT-co-DNBP) films deposited onto ITO/glass with 1:5 feed ratio, as shown by the track of the CIE 1931 xy chromaticity coordinates and by the electrochromic parameters in which this film (thickness 0.8±0.2 μm) presented chromatic contrast (Δ%T) at 660 nm of 62%, coloration efficiency (η) of 266 cm2 C-1 and stability to redox cycling (Δ%T=17% at the 1000th cycle). Therefore, these copolymers are potentially applicable in displays and optoelectronic devices as electrochromic and fluorescent materials.
Funding
The authors wish to thank the granting authorities CNPq, CAPES, FINEP (FUNTEL and CTENERG Programs), FAPEAL, INCT-INAMI/CNPq and INCT-INAMI/CAPES/ Nanobiotechnology for financial support and for fellowship to AJCS (INCT-INAMI/CAPES/ Nanobiotechnology), JT and ASR (INCT-INAMI/CNPq, Science without borders); LNLS (National Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Campinas-SP) for the use of scanning electron microscope and Braskem Co. (Brazil) for the partnership in the field of scientific and technological development.
History
School
Science
Department
Chemistry
Published in
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
Volume
134
Pages
122 - 132
Citation
SILVA, A.J.C. ... et al, 2015. Copolymerisation as a way to enhance the electrochromic properties of an alkylthiophene oligomer and a pyrrole derivative: copolymer of 3,3'" dihexyl-2',:5',2":5",2'"-quaterthiophene with (R)-(-)-3-(1-pyrrolyl)propyl-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-α-phenylglycinate. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 134, pp.122-132.
This work is made available according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence. Full details of this licence are available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Publication date
2014-12-08
Notes
NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol 134, March 2015, DOI:10.1016/j.solmat.2014.11.037