Dipolar clusters and ferroelectricity in high Tc superconductors

In this paper, we show that doping of hole charge carriers induces formation of resonance plaquettes (RPs) having electric dipolar moments and fluctuating stripes in cuprates. A single RP is created by many-body interactions between the dopant ion or a charge fluctuation outside and holes inside the CuO plane. In such a process, Coulomb interacting holes in the CuO plane are self-organized into four-particles resonance valence bond plaquettes bound with dopants or polarons located in the spacer layer between CuO planes. Such RPs have ordered and disordered phases. They are ordered into charge density waves (CDW) or stripes only at certain conditions. The lowest energy of the ordered phase corresponds to a local antiferroelectric ordering. The RPs mobility is very low at low temperatures and they are bound into dipole–dipole pairs. Electromagnetic radiation interacts strongly with RPs electric dipoles and when the sample is subjected to it, the mobility changes significantly. This leads to a fractal growth of dipolar RP clusters. The existence of electric dipoles and CDW reveal a series of new phenomena such as ferroelectricity, strong light and microwave absorption and the field induced superconductivity.