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Effect of long‐term maximum strength training on explosive strength, neural, and contractile properties

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posted on 2022-01-18, 10:18 authored by Tom BalshawTom Balshaw, Garry J. Massey, Tom Maden-Wilkinson, Marcel B. Lanza, Jonathan FollandJonathan Folland
The purpose of this cross- sectional study was to compare explosive strength and underpinning contractile, hypertrophic, and neuromuscular activation characteristics of long- term maximum strength- trained (LT-MST; ie, ≥3 years of consistent, regular knee extensor training) and untrained individuals. Sixty-three healthy young men (untrained [UNT] n = 49, and LT-MST n = 14) performed isometric maximum and explosive voluntary, as well as evoked octet knee extension con-tractions. Torque, quadriceps, and hamstring surface EMG were recorded during all tasks. Quadriceps anatomical cross- sectional area (QACSAMAX; via MRI) was also assessed. Maximum voluntary torque (MVT; +66%) and QACSAMAX(+54%) were greater for LT-MST than UNT ([both] p < 0.001). Absolute explosive voluntary torque (25– 150 ms after torque onset; +41 to +64%; [all] p < 0.001; 1.15≤ effect size [ES]≤2.36) and absolute evoked octet torque (50 ms after torque onset; +43, p < 0.001; ES = 3.07) were greater for LT-MST than UNT. However, relative (to MVT) explosive voluntary torque was lower for LT-MST than UNT from 100 to 150 ms after contraction onset (−11% to −16%; 0.001 ≤p≤ 0.002; 0.98 ≤ ES ≤ 1.11). Relative evoked octet torque 50 ms after onset was lower (−10%; p < 0.001; ES = 1.14) and octet time to peak torque longer (+8%; p = 0.001; ES = 1.18) for LT-MST than UNT indicating slower contractile properties, independent from any differences in torque amplitude. The greater absolute explosive strength of the LT-MST group was attributable to higher evoked explosive strength, that in turn appeared to be due to larger quadriceps muscle size, rather than any differences in neuromuscular activation. In contrast, the inferior relative explosive strength of LT-MST appeared to be underpinned by slower intrinsic/evoked contractile properties.

Funding

Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Osteoarthritis. grant (reference 20194)

History

School

  • Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences

Published in

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

Volume

32

Issue

4

Pages

685 - 697

Publisher

Wiley

Version

  • VoR (Version of Record)

Rights holder

© the Authors

Publisher statement

This is an Open Access Article. It is published by Wiley under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported Licence (CC BY). Full details of this licence are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Acceptance date

2021-12-23

Publication date

2022-01-15

Copyright date

2022

ISSN

0905-7188

eISSN

1600-0838

Language

  • en

Depositor

Deposit date: 18 January 2022

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