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Effects of low energy availability on bone health in endurance athletes and high-impact exercise as a potential countermeasure: a narrative review

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posted on 2020-12-22, 11:46 authored by Mark Hutson, Emma ODonnellEmma ODonnell, Katherine Brooke-WavellKatherine Brooke-Wavell, Craig Sale, Richard BlagroveRichard Blagrove
Endurance athletes expend large amounts of energy in prolonged high-intensity exercise and, due to the weight-sensitive nature of most endurance sports, often practice periods of dietary restriction. The Female Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport models consider endurance athletes at high-risk for suffering from low energy availability and associated health complications, including an increased chance of bone stress injury. Several studies have examined the effects of low energy availability on various parameters of bone structure and markers of bone (re)modelling; however, there are differences in findings and research methods and critical summaries are lacking. It is difficult for athletes to reduce energy expenditure or increase energy intake (to restore energy availability) in an environment where performance is a priority. Development of an alternative tool to help protect bone health would be beneficial. High-impact exercise can be highly osteogenic and energy efficient; however, at present, it is rarely utilized to promote bone health in endurance athletes. Therefore, with a view to reducing the prevalence of bone stress injury, the objectives of this review are to evaluate the effects of low energy availability on bone health in endurance athletes and explore whether a high-impact exercise intervention may help to prevent those effects from occurring.

History

School

  • Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences

Published in

Sports Medicine

Volume

51

Issue

3

Pages

391-403

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Version

  • VoR (Version of Record)

Rights holder

© The Authors

Publisher statement

This is an Open Access Article. It is published by Springer under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY 4.0). Full details of this licence are available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Publication date

2020-12-21

Copyright date

2021

ISSN

0112-1642

eISSN

1179-2035

Language

  • en

Depositor

Mark Hutson. Deposit date: 22 December 2020