Exploring multiple functionalities of cyber-physical power system within digital substation-based laboratory environment

The landscape of control centre technologies is dynamically adapting to the swift transformations in the physical world, specifically targeting wide-area monitoring, control, and protection in energy systems. In response to these changes, Cyber-Physical Power System (CPPS) has emerged as a promising solution to develop control centre technologies and is gaining significant attention from scholars and researchers with similar interests. However, the widespread adoption of CPPS technology faces several challenges, such as the need for methodologies to develop further CPPS or the detailed deployment of multiple functions within the CPPS framework. To address these challenges, a specialised CPPS testbed within a laboratory environment is presented in this study. In addition, this paper delves into various functions integrated into CPPS, involving critical aspects such as real-time monitoring, digital communication protocol, state estimation, outlier detection, optimal power flow and self-healing capabilities. By implementing a co-simulation platform based on two real-time simulators, Typhoon HIL, the physical and cyber layers can exchange data through Ethernet LAN within the laboratory environment through communication protocols, IEEE C37.118.1 and IEC 61850. This research lays the foundation for a deeper understanding of the potential applications of the CPPS testbed for future control centre technology as well as serves as a catalyst for further innovations, driving a paradigm toward smart, flexible energy infrastructure.