Explosion of metastable droplets in immiscible liquids

Evaporation of metastable droplets in an immiscible liquid can occur in a wide range of practical applications and in particular in cryogenic systems due to the low saturation temperature of the cryogenic liquid. In this article, we show experimentally that the incomplete explosion of a metastable droplet can lead to a ‘film evaporation’ configuration, where a remaining droplet is eventually separated from the host immiscible liquid by an established vapour layer. Based on a transient heat diffusion model, we identified that the necessary but not sufficient condition for the complete explosion of a metastable droplet is that the droplet must absorb, before explosion, an amount of heat larger than the latent heat required for a full evaporation, i.e. the global Jacob number Ja ≥ 1. In addition, the measured superheat limits of pentane and isohexane are 420.65 K and 444.95 K respectively, which are very close to the theoretical Spinodal points (≤ 1.5 K) and other reported values in existing literature. Therefore, the experimental setup reported here can be used as an alternative way to quantify the superheat limit. The Droplet relaxation time was also found scaled to the square root of the diffusion characteristic time.