Fabrication of three-dimensional wavy single chamber solid oxide fuel cell by in situ observation of curvature evolution

This study presents a fabrication process via experimental observations for curved porous multi-layer structures during co-sintering. Analysis of curvature evolution using in-situ monitoring of the structure was used in the design of a curved multi-layer structure. Materials used are NiO/gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (NiO/CGO) for anode; CGO for electrolyte; and lanthanum strontium manganite (LSCF) for cathode. In-situ observation, to monitor the shrinkage of each material and the evolution of the bi- and triple-layer structures, was performed using a long focus microscope (Infinity K-2). The results contribute to develop a novel design curved three dimensional multi-layer structures during co-sintering.