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High intensity interval exercise increases the frequency of peripheral PD-1+ CD8+ central memory T-cells and soluble PD-L1 in humans

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posted on 2021-03-12, 14:37 authored by Alex J Wadley, Tom Cullen, Jordan Vautrinot, Gary Keane, Nicolette BishopNicolette Bishop, Steven J Coles
Exercise can exert anti-inflammatory effects in an intensity-dependent manner; however, the mechanisms mediating these effects are continually being established. Programme Death Receptor-1 (PD-1) is a membrane bound receptor that maintains immune tolerance by dampening immune cell interactions, such as those mediated by cytotoxic T-cell lymphocytes (CD8+). The aim of this study was to characterise sub-populations of CD8+ T-cells with regards to their expression of PD-1 before and immediately after exercise. Interleukin (IL)-6, soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and its ligand (sPD-L1) were also quantified in plasma. Eight individuals (mean ​± ​SD: age 29 ​± ​5 years; BMI 24.2 ​± ​3.4 ​kg ​m2; V ˙ O2max 44.5 ​± ​6.4 ​ml ​kg-1·min-1) undertook two time and energy-matched cycling bouts in a counterbalanced study design: one of moderate intensity (MOD) and a bout of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Both MOD and HIIE increased the number, but not the proportion of circulating CD8+ PD-1+ cells, with no differences between trials. Within the CD8+ PD-1+ pool, the expression of PD-1 increased on central memory cells following HIIE only (fold change: MOD 1.0 vs HIIE +1.4), as well the concentration of CD8+PD-1+ memory cells within the circulation (cells/uL: MOD -0.4 vs HIIE +5.8). This response composed a very small part of the exercise-induced CD8+ lymphocytosis (Pre-Ex: 0.38% to Post-Ex: 0.69%; p ​> ​0.05). sPD-L1 and IL-6 concentration increased in tandem following MOD and HIIE (r ​= ​0.57; P ​= ​0.021), with a reciprocal decline in sPD-1 observed. The current data demonstrate that PD-1+ CD8+ lymphocytes were mobilised following both MOD and HIIE. Both the number of central memory CD8+ T-cells expressing PD-1 and the expression level on these cells were increased following HIIE only. This intensity-dependent phenotypic response, in conjunction with increased circulatory sPD-L1 may represent an aspect of the anti-inflammatory response to exercise and warrants further investigation.

History

School

  • Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences

Published in

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

Volume

3

Publisher

Elsevier BV

Version

  • VoR (Version of Record)

Rights holder

© The authors

Publisher statement

This is an Open Access Article. It is published by Elsevier under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence. Full details of this licence are available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Acceptance date

2020-02-10

Publication date

2020-02-14

Copyright date

2020

ISSN

2666-3546

eISSN

2666-3546

Language

  • en

Depositor

Prof Lettie Bishop. Deposit date: 10 March 2021

Article number

100049

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