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Incidence of bone stress injury is greater in competitive female distance runners with menstrual disturbances independent of participation in plyometric training

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Bone stress injury (BSI) is prevalent in female distance runners. Menstrual disturbances are associated with impaired bone health in endurance athletes. This study aimed to investigate the association between menstrual function and BSI and explore whether plyometric training may protect against BSI in individuals with menstrual disturbances. Competitive female distance runners (n = 183) aged 18-40 years were surveyed for training habits, menstrual function, and BSI, during the previous 12 months. Oligo/amenorrhoea during the previous 12 months (<9 menses) was deemed to indicate menstrual disturbance; hormonal contraceptive users and those previously diagnosed with a pathology that impacted menstrual function were excluded. BSI incidence rate was 2.25 (p = 0.02, 95% CI: 1.14-4.41) times greater in oligo/amenorrhoeic than eumenorrhoeic runners. BSI incidence rate was similar in oligo/amenorrhoeic and eumenorrhoeic runners that did plyometric training, but 3.78 (p = 0.001, 95% CI: 1.68-8.5) times greater in oligo/amenorrhoeic versus eumenorrhoeic runners that did not. However, the effect of plyometrics was non-significant (menstrual function × plyometric training interaction, p = 0.06; main effect, p = 0.89). Conventional plyometric training may not reduce BSI incidence in female distance runners, but menstrual disturbances and prolonged periods of low energy availability should be avoided.

History

School

  • Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences

Published in

Journal of Sports Sciences

Volume

39

Issue

22

Pages

2558-2566

Publisher

Taylor & Francis

Version

  • VoR (Version of Record)

Rights holder

© The Authors

Publisher statement

This is an Open Access Article. It is published by Taylor & Francis under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Full details of this licence are available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Acceptance date

2021-06-15

Publication date

2021-07-16

Copyright date

2021

ISSN

0264-0414

eISSN

1466-447X

Language

  • en

Depositor

Dr Richard Blagrove. Deposit date: 19 July 2021

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