Migrant human and political capitals value in entrepreneur enterprise performance. A comparative study of four emerging markets

This paper explores Migrant Returnee Entrepreneur (MRE) and the effects of their human and political capitals on their enterprise performance in emerging nations. While we know that each of these “capitals” possesses value, we know much less about how they interact, the difference that location may have on the value of these capitals and if where the capital was acquired, matters. This study analyses two capitals and compares enterprise performance in four different emerging nations while also exploring the difference of value that human and political capital of returning migrants in different geographical locations, may have to help explain these differences. The study explores the issue using a questionnaire developed based on the Social Questionnaire model (SC-IQ). The findings suggest that migrant enterprises do perform better than those founded by Home-Grown Entrepreneur (HGE) and these capitals individually do contribute to enterprise performance but that they do vary by the level of the countries’ economic development.