Nanostructures: An efficient drug delivery platform for therapy of multiple myeloma

Recent advancements in the biomedical field, particularly in drug delivery technologies, have paved the way for novel approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma, a hematological malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Conventional treatments often fail to provide long-term efficacy, leading to a need for more effective therapies. Nanoscale drug delivery platforms demonstrated their potential to facilitate superior drug targeting, reduce systemic toxicity, and enhance therapeutic efficacy by inhibiting the growth of tumor cells. This review aims to highlight the most important features of the nanostructures used for drug delivery and recent advances in several nanostructures, including liposomes, micelles, polymeric and inorganic nanoparticles, carbon-based nanostructures, DNA nanostructures for multiple myeloma, as well as quantum dots, and nanocomposites used to deliver the chemotherapeutic agents. Furthermore, it evaluates the efficacy and mechanisms of internalization of nanostructures as controlled delivery systems for anticancer drugs in the treatment of multiple myeloma. The current review goes one step further to elucidate the potential of nanotechnology to revolutionize multiple myeloma therapy through targeted drug delivery systems based on various nanostructures.