Number express: A digital game to improve early numeracy

Early numeracy has repeatedly been observed to predict more advanced mathematical skills and vocational prospects. Accordingly, there is increasing interest in interventions using games and game-based activities to foster basic numerical skills. In the current study, we describe how we sought initial feedback on the game Number Express following a design-based research method and a study piloting the game with a group of four to six-year-old children to evaluate its usability and likability. The game consists of a train with six carriages for the player to fill in with numbers in the correct order. The game progresses in difficulty across several levels, moving from smaller to larger numbers and sequences in steps of 2, 5, and 10. Informative feedback is provided to assist players when they make incorrect responses. Associating numbers to carriages in the correct order earns the player points, with which they can buy items in a virtual shop, providing additional experience with calculating with money. During the design phase, we sought feedback from researchers, teachers, and an education consultant specialising in the learning and teaching of primary mathematics. We modified the game based on their suggestions. In addition, we ran a pilot study to test the game on a small group of preschool children (N = 45) evaluating its playability and user experience to allow for further development of the game. Overall, the results of the pilot study indicated that Number Express is straightforward to engage with, features easily memorable instructions, and incorporates an effective number line tool that supports number ordering skills. As a next step, we plan to use Number Express in a larger-scale intervention study to determine its effectiveness in improving children's early numeracy skills. In case the game proves to be effective, it has the potential to be a valuable tool for educators and parents in supporting their children's early numerical development.