On enabling mobile crowd sensing for data collection in smart agriculture: a vision

Smart agriculture enables the efficiency and intelligence of production in physical farm management. Though promising, due to the limitation of the existing data collection methods, it still encounters few challenges required to be considered. Mobile crowd sensing (MCS) embeds three beneficial characteristics: 1) cost-effectiveness; 2) scalability; and 3) mobility and robustness. With the Internet of Things becoming a reality, smartphones are widely becoming available even in remote areas. Hence, both the MCS characteristics and the plug-and-play widely available infrastructure provide huge opportunities for MCS-enabled smart agriculture, opening up several new opportunities at the application level. In this article, we extensively evaluate agriculture mobile crowd sensing (AMCS) and provide insights for agricultural data collection schemes. In addition, we offer a comparative study with the existing agriculture data collection solutions and conclude that AMCS has significant benefits in terms of flexibility, collecting implicit data, and low-cost requirements. However, we note that AMCSs may still possess limitations regarding data integrity and quality to be considered a future work. To this end, we perform a detailed analysis of the challenges and opportunities that concerns MCS-enabled agriculture by putting forward seven potential applications of AMCS-enabled agriculture. Finally, we propose general research based on agricultural characteristics and discuss a special case based on the solar insecticidal lamp maintenance problem.