Pyrene-fused hexaarylbenzene luminogens: Synthesis, characterization, and aggregation-induced emission enhancement

Six novel pyrene-fused hexaarylbenzene derivatives (3a-f) were designed, synthesized, and characterized, which exhibited aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) in the aggregated state by means of THF/H₂O mixtures. Techniques such as theoretical calculations, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and photophysical measurements in solution and in the solid state were employed to illustrate the tunable, variable, and sensitive AIEE features in this system. Both theoretical and experimental results revealed that the nature of the multiple photoluminescence should be taken into account when elucidating and designing the multiple photoluminescence phenomenon and molecules.