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Removal of antiretroviral drugs stavudine and zidovudine in water under UV254 and UV254/H2O2 processes: Quantum yields, kinetics and ecotoxicology assessment

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posted on 2018-04-24, 13:34 authored by Danilo Russo, A. Siciliano, M. Guida, Roberto Andreozzi, Nuno M. Reis, Gianluca Li-Puma, Raffaele Marotta
© 2018 The concentration of antiretroviral drugs in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) effluents and surface waters of many countries has increased significantly due to their widespread use for HIV treatment. In this study, the removal of stavudine and zidovudine under UV 254 photolysis or UV 254 /H 2 O 2 was investigated in a microcapillary film (MCF) photoreactor, using minimal water samples quantities. The UV 254 quantum yield of zidovudine, (2.357 ± 0.0589)·10 −2 mol ein −1 (pH 4.0–8.0), was 28-fold higher that the yield of stavudine (8.34 ± 0.334)·10 −4 mol ein −1 (pH 6.0–8.0). The second-order rate constant k OH,i of reaction of hydroxyl radical with the antiretrovirals (UV 254 /H 2 O 2 process) were determined by kinetics modeling: (9.98 ± 0.68)·10 8 M −1 s −1 (pH 4.0–8.0) for zidovudine and (2.03 ± 0.18)·10 9 M −1 s −1 (pH 6.0–8.0) for stavudine. A battery of ecotoxicological tests (i.e. inhibition growth, bioluminescence, mutagenic and genotoxic activity) using bacteria (Aliivibrio fischeri, Salmonella typhimurium), crustacean (Daphnia magna) and algae (Raphidocelis subcapitata) revealed a marked influence of the UV dose on the ecotoxicological activity. The UV 254 /H 2 O 2 treatment process reduced the ecotoxicological risk associated to direct photolysis of the antiretrovirals aqueous solutions, but required significantly higher UV 254 doses (≥2000 mJ cm −2 ) in comparison to common water UV disinfection processes.

History

School

  • Aeronautical, Automotive, Chemical and Materials Engineering

Department

  • Chemical Engineering

Published in

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Volume

349

Pages

195 - 204

Citation

RUSSO, D. ...et al., 2018. Removal of antiretroviral drugs stavudine and zidovudine in water under UV254 and UV254/H2O2 processes: Quantum yields, kinetics and ecotoxicology assessment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 349, pp. 195-204.

Publisher

© Crown Copyright Published by Elsevier

Version

  • AM (Accepted Manuscript)

Publisher statement

This work is made available according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence. Full details of this licence are available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Acceptance date

2018-01-25

Publication date

2018

Notes

This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Journal of Hazardous Materials and the definitive published version is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.01.052

ISSN

0304-3894

eISSN

1873-3336

Language

  • en