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Roadmap on established and emerging photovoltaics for sustainable energy conversion

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posted on 2025-03-21, 15:53 authored by James C Blakesley, Ruy Sebastian Bonilla, Marina Freitag, Alex Ganose, Nicola Gasparini, Pascal Kaienburg, George Koutsourakis, Jonathan D Major, Jenny Nelson, Nakita K Noel, Bart Roose, Jae Sung Yun, Simon Aliwell, Pietro Altermatt, Tayebeh Ameri, Virgil Andrei, Ardalan Armin, Diego Bagnis, Jenny Baker, Hamish Beath, Mathieu Bellanger, Philippe Berrouard, Jochen Blumberger, Stuart Boden, Hugo Bronstein, Matthew J Carnie, Chris Case, Fernando A Castro, Yi-Ming Chang, Elmer Chao, Tracey M Clarke, Graeme Cooke, Pablo Docampo, Ken Durose, James Durrant, Marina Filip, Richard H Friend, Jarvist M Frost, Elizabeth Gibson, Alexander J Gillett, Pooja GoddardPooja Goddard, Severin Habisreutinger, Martin Heeney, Arthur D Hendsbee, Louise Caroline Hirst, Saiful Islam, Imalka Jayawardena, Michael Johnston, Matthias Kauer, Jeff Kettle, Ji-Seon Kim, Dan Lamb, David G Lidzey, Jihoo Lim, Roderick Mackenzie, Nigel Mason, Iain McCulloch, Keith McKenna, Sebastian Meier, Paul Meredith, Graham Morse, John Murphy, Chris Nicklin, Paloma Ortega-Arriaga, Thomas Osterberg, Jay Patel, Anthony Peaker, Moritz Riede, Martyn Rush, James Ryan, David O Scanlon, Peter Skabara, Franky So, Henry J Snaith, Ludmilla Steier, Jarla Thiesbrummel, Alessandro Troisi, Craig Underwood, Karsten Walzer, Trystan M Watson, Michael WallsMichael Walls, Aron Walsh, Lucy Dorothy Whalley, Benedict Winchester, Sam Stranks, Robert Hoye

Abstract Photovoltaics (PVs) are a critical technology for curbing growing levels of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, and meeting increases in future demand for low-carbon electricity. In order to fulfil ambitions for net-zero carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) emissions worldwide, the global cumulative capacity of solar PVs must increase by an order of magnitude from 0.9 TWp in 2021 to 8.5 TWp by 2050 according to the International Renewable Energy Agency, which is considered to be a highly conservative estimate. In 2020, the Henry Royce Institute brought together the UK PV community to discuss the critical technological and infrastructure challenges that need to be overcome to address the vast challenges in accelerating PV deployment. Herein, we examine the key developments in the global community, especially the progress made in the field since this earlier roadmap, bringing together experts primarily from the UK across the breadth of the photovoltaics community. The focus is both on the challenges in improving the efficiency, stability and levelized cost of electricity of current technologies for utility-scale PVs, as well as the fundamental questions in novel technologies that can have a significant impact on emerging markets, such as indoor PVs, space PVs, and agrivoltaics. We discuss challenges in advanced metrology and computational tools, as well as the growing synergies between PVs and solar fuels, and offer a perspective on the environmental sustainability of the PV industry. Through this roadmap, we emphasize promising pathways forward in both the short- and long-term, and for communities working on technologies across a range of maturity levels to learn from each other.

Funding

Novel Manufacturing for Resource Efficient Electrochemical Storage (NoRESt)

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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Quantifying and Improving Structure-Function Relationships of All-Small-Molecule Organic-Solar-Cells

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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TREFCO (No. P/W019167/1

Royal Society of Chemistry (No. R23-5618510760)

Research Fellowship scheme (No. RF\201819\18\38)

Charged oxide inversion layer (COIL) solar cells

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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Pnictogen-based semiconductors for Harvesting EneRgy from Ambient Light to power autonomous Devices (HERALD)

UK Research and Innovation

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Royal Academy of Engineering through the Research Fellowships scheme (No. RF\201718\17101)

Instilling Defect-Tolerance in ABZ2 Photovoltaic Materials

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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The Royal Society and Tata Group (UF150033)

Affordable Perovskite Solar Irrigation Systems for Small-holder Farmers in Ethiopia (APSISSFE)

UK Research and Innovation

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High-Efficiency Flexible and Scalable Halide-Perovskite Solar Modules

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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The European Research Council (ERC) (No. 756962 [HYPERION])

The Leverhulme Trust (No. RPG-2020-377)

Capacitance spectroscopy led process innovations to improve VOC in CdTe thin film solar cells

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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New designs for thin film solar cells

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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Bandgap engineering for optimal antimony chalcogenide solar cells

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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Perfecting Halide Perovskites: From Precursor Ink Chemistry to Defect Control

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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Unveiling electron motion at surfaces and interfaces on ultrashort length and ultrafast time scales

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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Hybrid Perovskite Heterojunctions

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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All-Evaporated Triple-Junction Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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Application Targeted and Integrated Photovoltaics - Enhancing UK Capability in Solar

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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GENERATION: Self Powered IoT for People and Planet

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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All-perovskite Multi-junction Solar Cells

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinshaft (DFG) under the HIPSTER project

The EPSRC project ATIP (No. EP/TO28513/1)

The Leverhulme Trust Early Career Fellowship (No. ECF-2022-445)

Royal Society of Edinburgh International Joint Project 1787.

Royce Phase 2

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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Department for Science Innovation and Technology: The National Measurement System (NMS) programme

The Royal Society through the University Research Fellowship (No. URF\R1\191286), Research Grant 2021 (No. RGS\R1\211321)

Photocapacitors for Ambient Energy Applications

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) and its Defence Innovation Fund TLB Ideas Scheme: The ViTAL Living Lab (61182036)

European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (No. RS-2023-00257494)

EPSRC (No. EP/X52556X/1)

The European Research Council (No. 742708 (CAPACITY))

NERC, UK (No. NE/2451429)

Technology critical metal recycling using ultrasonics and catalytic etchants

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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Green Energy-Optimised Printed ICs

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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Design rules for defect-tolerant photovoltaics

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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Royal Society University Research Fellowship (No. URF-R1-191292)

Metal halide semiconductors: materials discovery beyond ABX3 perovskites

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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Advanced Device Concepts for Next-Generation Photovoltaics

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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MATERIALS CHEMISTRY HIGH END COMPUTING CONSORTIUM

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

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TREFCO (No. P/W019167/1)

St John’s College Cambridge (Title A Research Fellowship),

Winton Programme for the Physics of Sustainability

History

School

  • Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering

Published in

Journal of Physics: Energy

Volume

6

Issue

4

Publisher

IOP Publishing Ltd

Version

  • VoR (Version of Record)

Rights holder

© The Authors

Publisher statement

Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Acceptance date

2024-08-27

Publication date

2024-10-11

Copyright date

2024

eISSN

2515-7655

Language

  • en

Depositor

Prof Michael Walls. Deposit date: 4 October 2024

Article number

041501

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