Roadmap on established and emerging photovoltaics for sustainable energy conversion

Blakesley, James C; Bonilla, Ruy Sebastian; Freitag, Marina; Ganose, Alex; Gasparini, Nicola; Kaienburg, Pascal; Koutsourakis, George; Major, Jonathan D; Nelson, Jenny; Noel, Nakita K; Roose, Bart; Yun, Jae Sung; Aliwell, Simon; Altermatt, Pietro; Ameri, Tayebeh; Andrei, Virgil; Armin, Ardalan; Bagnis, Diego; Baker, Jenny; Beath, Hamish; Bellanger, Mathieu; Berrouard, Philippe; Blumberger, Jochen; Boden, Stuart; Bronstein, Hugo; Carnie, Matthew J; Case, Chris; Castro, Fernando A; Chang, Yi-Ming; Chao, Elmer; Clarke, Tracey M; Cooke, Graeme; Docampo, Pablo; Durose, Ken; Durrant, James; Filip, Marina; Friend, Richard H; Frost, Jarvist M; Gibson, Elizabeth; Gillett, Alexander J; Goddard, Pooja; Habisreutinger, Severin; Heeney, Martin; Hendsbee, Arthur D; Hirst, Louise Caroline; Islam, Saiful; Jayawardena, Imalka; Johnston, Michael; Kauer, Matthias; Kettle, Jeff; Kim, Ji-Seon; Lamb, Dan; Lidzey, David G; Lim, Jihoo; Mackenzie, Roderick; Mason, Nigel; McCulloch, Iain; McKenna, Keith; Meier, Sebastian; Meredith, Paul; Morse, Graham; Murphy, John; Nicklin, Chris; Ortega-Arriaga, Paloma; Osterberg, Thomas; Patel, Jay; Peaker, Anthony; Riede, Moritz; Rush, Martyn; Ryan, James; Scanlon, David O; Skabara, Peter; So, Franky; Snaith, Henry J; Steier, Ludmilla; Thiesbrummel, Jarla; Troisi, Alessandro; Underwood, Craig; Walzer, Karsten; Watson, Trystan M; Walls, Michael; Walsh, Aron; Whalley, Lucy Dorothy; Winchester, Benedict; Stranks, Sam; Hoye, Robert

Roadmap on established and emerging photovoltaics for sustainable energy conversion

journal contribution

posted on 2025-03-21, 15:53 authored by James C Blakesley, Ruy Sebastian Bonilla, Marina Freitag, Alex Ganose, Nicola Gasparini, Pascal Kaienburg, George Koutsourakis, Jonathan D Major, Jenny Nelson, Nakita K Noel, Bart Roose, Jae Sung Yun, Simon Aliwell, Pietro Altermatt, Tayebeh Ameri, Virgil Andrei, Ardalan Armin, Diego Bagnis, Jenny Baker, Hamish Beath, Mathieu Bellanger, Philippe Berrouard, Jochen Blumberger, Stuart Boden, Hugo Bronstein, Matthew J Carnie, Chris Case, Fernando A Castro, Yi-Ming Chang, Elmer Chao, Tracey M Clarke, Graeme Cooke, Pablo Docampo, Ken Durose, James Durrant, Marina Filip, Richard H Friend, Jarvist M Frost, Elizabeth Gibson, Alexander J Gillett, Pooja GoddardPooja Goddard, Severin Habisreutinger, Martin Heeney, Arthur D Hendsbee, Louise Caroline Hirst, Saiful Islam, Imalka Jayawardena, Michael Johnston, Matthias Kauer, Jeff Kettle, Ji-Seon Kim, Dan Lamb, David G Lidzey, Jihoo Lim, Roderick Mackenzie, Nigel Mason, Iain McCulloch, Keith McKenna, Sebastian Meier, Paul Meredith, Graham Morse, John Murphy, Chris Nicklin, Paloma Ortega-Arriaga, Thomas Osterberg, Jay Patel, Anthony Peaker, Moritz Riede, Martyn Rush, James Ryan, David O Scanlon, Peter Skabara, Franky So, Henry J Snaith, Ludmilla Steier, Jarla Thiesbrummel, Alessandro Troisi, Craig Underwood, Karsten Walzer, Trystan M Watson, Michael WallsMichael Walls, Aron Walsh, Lucy Dorothy Whalley, Benedict Winchester, Sam Stranks, Robert Hoye

Abstract Photovoltaics (PVs) are a critical technology for curbing growing levels of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, and meeting increases in future demand for low-carbon electricity. In order to fulfil ambitions for net-zero carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂eq) emissions worldwide, the global cumulative capacity of solar PVs must increase by an order of magnitude from 0.9 TW_p in 2021 to 8.5 TW_p by 2050 according to the International Renewable Energy Agency, which is considered to be a highly conservative estimate. In 2020, the Henry Royce Institute brought together the UK PV community to discuss the critical technological and infrastructure challenges that need to be overcome to address the vast challenges in accelerating PV deployment. Herein, we examine the key developments in the global community, especially the progress made in the field since this earlier roadmap, bringing together experts primarily from the UK across the breadth of the photovoltaics community. The focus is both on the challenges in improving the efficiency, stability and levelized cost of electricity of current technologies for utility-scale PVs, as well as the fundamental questions in novel technologies that can have a significant impact on emerging markets, such as indoor PVs, space PVs, and agrivoltaics. We discuss challenges in advanced metrology and computational tools, as well as the growing synergies between PVs and solar fuels, and offer a perspective on the environmental sustainability of the PV industry. Through this roadmap, we emphasize promising pathways forward in both the short- and long-term, and for communities working on technologies across a range of maturity levels to learn from each other.

Funding

Novel Manufacturing for Resource Efficient Electrochemical Storage (NoRESt)

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

Roadmap on established and emerging photovoltaics for sustainable energy conversion

Funding

Novel Manufacturing for Resource Efficient Electrochemical Storage (NoRESt)

Quantifying and Improving Structure-Function Relationships of All-Small-Molecule Organic-Solar-Cells

TREFCO (No. P/W019167/1

Royal Society of Chemistry (No. R23-5618510760)

Research Fellowship scheme (No. RF\201819\18\38)

Charged oxide inversion layer (COIL) solar cells

Pnictogen-based semiconductors for Harvesting EneRgy from Ambient Light to power autonomous Devices (HERALD)

Royal Academy of Engineering through the Research Fellowships scheme (No. RF\201718\17101)

Instilling Defect-Tolerance in ABZ2 Photovoltaic Materials

The Royal Society and Tata Group (UF150033)

Affordable Perovskite Solar Irrigation Systems for Small-holder Farmers in Ethiopia (APSISSFE)

High-Efficiency Flexible and Scalable Halide-Perovskite Solar Modules

The European Research Council (ERC) (No. 756962 [HYPERION])

The Leverhulme Trust (No. RPG-2020-377)

Capacitance spectroscopy led process innovations to improve VOC in CdTe thin film solar cells

New designs for thin film solar cells

Bandgap engineering for optimal antimony chalcogenide solar cells

Perfecting Halide Perovskites: From Precursor Ink Chemistry to Defect Control

Unveiling electron motion at surfaces and interfaces on ultrashort length and ultrafast time scales

Hybrid Perovskite Heterojunctions

All-Evaporated Triple-Junction Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices

Application Targeted and Integrated Photovoltaics - Enhancing UK Capability in Solar

GENERATION: Self Powered IoT for People and Planet

All-perovskite Multi-junction Solar Cells

The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinshaft (DFG) under the HIPSTER project

The EPSRC project ATIP (No. EP/TO28513/1)

The Leverhulme Trust Early Career Fellowship (No. ECF-2022-445)

Royal Society of Edinburgh International Joint Project 1787.

Royce Phase 2

Department for Science Innovation and Technology: The National Measurement System (NMS) programme

The Royal Society through the University Research Fellowship (No. URF\R1\191286), Research Grant 2021 (No. RGS\R1\211321)

Photocapacitors for Ambient Energy Applications

UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) and its Defence Innovation Fund TLB Ideas Scheme: The ViTAL Living Lab (61182036)

European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (No. RS-2023-00257494)

EPSRC (No. EP/X52556X/1)

The European Research Council (No. 742708 (CAPACITY))

NERC, UK (No. NE/2451429)

Technology critical metal recycling using ultrasonics and catalytic etchants

Green Energy-Optimised Printed ICs

Design rules for defect-tolerant photovoltaics

Royal Society University Research Fellowship (No. URF-R1-191292)

Metal halide semiconductors: materials discovery beyond ABX3 perovskites

Advanced Device Concepts for Next-Generation Photovoltaics

MATERIALS CHEMISTRY HIGH END COMPUTING CONSORTIUM

TREFCO (No. P/W019167/1)

St John’s College Cambridge (Title A Research Fellowship),

Winton Programme for the Physics of Sustainability

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