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Stimulated C2C12 myotube headspace volatile organic compound analysis

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posted on 2025-03-17, 14:04 authored by Tomos Rosser, Matthew TurnerMatthew Turner, Jim ReynoldsJim Reynolds, Neil MartinNeil Martin, Martin R Lindley

Understanding exercise metabolism and the relationship with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) holds potential in both health care and sports performance. Exercise metabolism can be investigated using whole body exercise testing (in vivo) or through the culture and subsequent electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) of myotubes (in vitro). This research investigates the novel headspace (HS) analysis of EPS skeletal muscle myotubes. An in vitro system was built to investigate the effect of EPS on the volatile constituents in the HS above EPS skeletal muscle. The C2C12 immortalised cell line was chosen. EPS was applied to the system to induce myotube contraction. The in vitro system was applied to the analysis of VOCs using thermal desorption (TD) sampling. Samples were collected under four conditions: environmental samples (enviro), acellular media HS samples (blank), skeletal muscle myotubes without stimulation HS samples (baseline) and EPS of skeletal muscle myotube HS samples (stim). TD sampling combined with gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detected two compounds that, after multivariate and univariate statistical analysis, were identified as changing due to EPS (p < 0.05). These compounds were tentatively assigned as 1,4-Dioxane-2,5-dione, 3,6-dimethyl- and 1-pentene. The former is a known lactide and the latter has been reported as a marker of oxidative stress. Further research should focus on improvements to the EPS system, including the use of more relevant cell lines, quantification of myotube contractions, and the application of targeted analysis, metabolic assays and media analysis.

Funding

Funded by EPSRC

History

School

  • Science

Published in

Molecules

Volume

29

Issue

19

Publisher

MDPI

Version

  • VoR (Version of Record)

Rights holder

© The Author(s)

Publisher statement

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Acceptance date

2024-08-19

Publication date

2024-09-24

Copyright date

2024

eISSN

1420-3049

Language

  • en

Depositor

Dr Jim Reynolds. Deposit date: 25 September 2024

Article number

4527

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