Synergies towards achieving low energy residential buildings: a comparative case between the United Kingdom and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Achieving low-energy residential buildings is essential for the decarbonisation of the built environment and meeting global targets. This study provides a comparative analysis of the synergies for achieving low-energy residential buildings in two distinct settings, the United Kingdom (UK), and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A validated dynamic modelling approach was used to investigate the impact of different passive measures as per the passivhaus standard and their effect on achieving a low energy residential building in both the UK and KSA. Statistical approaches in the form of linear regression modelling was employed to evaluate the impact of passive energy measures assessed in the respective contexts. The results show that climate factors play a significant role in decarbonising residential buildings and should be considered as part of residential buildings decarbonisation plans. However, this comparative analysis highlights that while the UK and KSA face unique challenges, there are still similarities and lessons learned which can be leveraged in both settings. In this case, the results show the passivhaus standard is applicable in both case studies and show similar patterns, albeit more effective overall in the UK context compared to KSA. By leveraging these synergies, both nations can advance towards sustainable, low-energy residential buildings tailored to their specific contexts, contributing significantly to global sustainability efforts. This study underscores the importance of adapting strategies to local conditions while fostering international collaboration in sustainable building practices.