Training basic numerical skills in children with Down syndrome using the computerized game “The Number Race”

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) present reduced basic numerical skills, which have a negative impact on everyday numeracy and mathematical learning. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the adaptive (non-commercial) computerized game “The Number Race” in improving basic numerical skills in children with DS. The experimental group (EG; M_{age-in-months}=118, range=70-149) completed a training playing with “The Number Race”, whereas children in the control group (CG; M_{age-in-months}=138, range=76-207) worked with software aiming at improving their reading skills. The training lasted 10 weeks with two weekly sessions of 20-30 minutes each. We assessed both groups’ numerical and reading skills before and immediately after the end of the training, as well as at a 3-months followup. We found weak evidence for post-training groups differences in terms of overall numeracy score. However, the EG displayed substantial improvements in specific numerical skills and in mental calculation, which were maintained over time, and no improvement in reading. Conversely, the CG showed improvements in their reading skills as well as in number skills but to a lesser extent compared to the EG. Overall, “The Number Race” appears as a suitable tool to improve some aspects of numeracy in DS.