Turán numbers and switching

<p dir="ltr">Using a switching operation on tournaments we obtain some new lower bounds on the Turán number of the <i>r</i>-graph on<i> r</i>+1 vertices with 3 edges. For<i> r</i>=4, extremal examples were constructed using Paley tournaments in previous work. We show that these examples are unique (in a particular sense) using Fourier analysis. A 3-tournament is a ‘higher order’ version of a tournament given by an alternating function on triples of distinct vertices in a vertex set. We show that 3-tournaments also enjoy a switching operation and use this to give a formula for the size of a switching class in terms of level permutations, generalising a result of Babai–Cameron.</p>