Unlocking further understanding of the atomization mechanism of a pressurized metered dose inhaler
Pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI) are one of the most common devices to deliver therapeutic treatment to patients with asthma or COPD. The atomization mechanism responsible for droplet production is poorly understood because of the short length and timescales involved, making experimental investigations to characterize fluid flow structures and spray formation processes difficult. This article reports the findings of new high-speed and high-resolution imaging and temperature measurements seeking to improve the fundamental understanding of the atomization mechanism of the pMDI. An annular flow regime of gaseous core in liquid annulus was observed in the orifice. Shock diamonds within the flow, viewed via Schlieren imaging, confirmed experimentally for the first time the choked nature of the orifice exit flow. Propellant formulation flow in the orifice was found to be superheated to a degree that significant flashing and evaporation at the orifice exit is likely to take place. This information points to a hybrid mechanism of predominantly aerodynamic atomization with significant liquid flashing upon exit from the orifice producing a near instantaneous formation of respirable droplets. Large irrespirable droplets are produced by two mechanisms; breakup of liquid slugs ejected from the orifice, due to unsteady transient fluid structures in the actuator sump and stripping of ligaments from a liquid pool around the orifice exit, which subsequently break up into large droplets in the periphery of the plume. This new understanding will aid development of next generation, high efficiency pMDIs, particularly those employing low global warming potential propellants such as HFA152a or HFO1234ze(E).
History
School
- Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering
Published in
Aerosol Science and TechnologyVolume
56Issue
11Pages
1022-1032Publisher
Taylor & FrancisVersion
- AM (Accepted Manuscript)
Rights holder
© American Association for Aerosol ResearchPublisher statement
This is an Accepted Manuscript version of the following article, accepted for publication in Aerosol Science and Technology. B. J. Myatt, H. K. Versteeg, G. K. Hargrave, E. J. Long, B. Gavtash, D. A. Lewis, T. Church & G. Brambilla (2022) Unlocking further understanding of the atomization mechanism of a pressurized metered dose inhaler, Aerosol Science and Technology, 56:11, 1022-1032, DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2022.2116305. It is deposited under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Acceptance date
2022-08-04Publication date
2022-09-09Copyright date
2022ISSN
0278-6826eISSN
1521-7388Publisher version
Language
- en